Written by Merwat Rashad
Sunday, 04 June 2023 02:00 AM
Tobacco consumption can lead to life-threatening consequences for smokers and those exposed to smoke Indirectly, it can negatively affect the lungs, heart, throat and neck, causing cancerous tumors, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Also, smoking can negatively affect a person’s reproductive function. And passive smoking is harmful to the reproductive organs and their functions, and according to the “ndtv” website, here is the effect of smoking on the uterus and pregnancy.
Negative impact of smoking on women’s reproductive health
Effect on ovaries
Hormonal Imbalance: In the human body, the secretion of one hormone is controlled by the secretion of another. Chemicals in tobacco products like cigarettes disrupt the function of the glands responsible for reproductive hormones; This includes the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. This disorder increases levels of the stress hormone cortisol and the male hormone testosterone. In women, elevated cortisol and testosterone have been linked to female infertility. Decreases in estrogen, progesterone, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and prolactin negatively affect fertility.
Uterine and Menstrual Disorders: It is widely known that hormonal imbalance caused by smoking contributes to uterine and menstrual disorders. Nature is difficult. Low levels of estrogen and progesterone can lead to irregular periods.
Menopause: Menopause refers to the complete cessation of the menstrual cycle, and it usually occurs in women in their late forties to early fifties.
Effect on pregnancy
Smoking affects both the early stages of pregnancy and the development of pregnancy.
Pregnancy complications: Female smokers are more prone to ectopic pregnancy (embryo implantation outside the uterus), spontaneous abortion, and miscarriage.
Fetal development: Carbon monoxide is produced when smoking is known to affect the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, it inhibits the development of the fetus in the fetus, which increases the chances of growth retardation and premature birth. Also, smoking during pregnancy can damage the lung and brain tissue.
Genetic abnormalities and birth defects: The negative effect of smoking on egg quality can lead to fertilized eggs with genetic abnormalities such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome and Klinefeld syndrome. Female smokers are more likely to give birth to children with cleft lip or cleft palate. .
Postnatal complications: Babies born to smokers have a lower birth weight.
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