science
Why does the Atlantic Ocean expand while the Pacific Ocean shrinks? | Science
The Atlantic Ocean is expanding by about two inches each year, pushing Europe and Africa away from the Americas, while the Pacific Ocean is shrinking by a fifth of a square mile per year.
Although the size of the Earth’s oceans does not change significantly in the short term, any changes have a significant effect over millions of years due to the geological processes that occur. But it is the set of interactions that continue to shape our world.
The change in the size of the oceans is an important factor, the tectonic plates that make up the earth’s crust, because the earth’s surface is divided into many tectonic plates that are constantly moving, although we are not usually aware of them.
Tectonic plates can move toward each other, away from each other, or next to each other. As the plates move away from each other, they create what is called a ridge or oceanic rift, and as they move towards each other, this can lead to the formation of a subduction zone beneath one plate beneath the other.
Why is the Atlantic Ocean expanding?
As for the Atlantic Ocean, it is a vast body of water on our planet that covers more than 20% of the Earth’s surface. Although it is the second largest ocean in the world and has an area of 106.5 million square kilometers, it is still expanding at a rate of 4 centimeters every year.
That’s because parts of the Atlantic Ocean are moving away from each other, and the key to this expansion lies in what’s happening beneath a large underwater mountain range in the middle, according to a study published in 2021 in the journal Nature. of the ocean known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
University of Southampton researchers have shown that material deep in the Earth rises to the surface under the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, forming a new oceanic crust, as magma rises from the Earth’s crust and solidifies at the surface, pushing the plates.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the largest tectonic range on the planet, as it stretches 16.93 kilometers from the Arctic Ocean to the southern tip of Africa, separating two tectonic plates: the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate, and separating the African Plate to South American Plate.
According to Live Science, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is where the South American and North American plates are moving away from the Eurasian and African plates at a rate of about 4 centimeters per year, widening the Atlantic Ocean.
According to information published on the University of Southampton website, the research team found that magma and rocks can travel up to 410 miles below the crust to the surface. It is this flow of material that propels tectonic plates and continents upward at a rate of 4 centimeters per year.
The study found that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a hotspot for convection, which makes the region thinner and magma material rises to the ocean floor more easily than the rest of Earth.
Material trying to move from the lower to upper mantle is usually blocked by a dense group of rocks called the mantle transition zone, located between 255 miles and 410 miles below our feet. Research suggests that the upwelling of material from deep in the mantle may be driving this expansion in the Atlantic Ocean.
The process began 200 million years ago, but one day the rate of expansion may accelerate, Catherine Reichert, a geophysicist at the University of Southampton and co-author of the study, tells Insider.
Why is the Pacific Ocean shrinking?
As for the Pacific Ocean, although it is the world’s largest ocean covering about 30% of the Earth’s surface, it is shrinking by about a fifth of a square mile every year, some scientists believe. After millions of years, it will disappear completely.
As reported on the “Science ABC” website, this contraction is caused by Earth’s largest tectonic plate, the Pacific plate, being pushed beneath other plates in a process called subduction. The Pacific plate is subducting as it moves deeper into the Earth’s crust, causing the ocean above it to shrink.
In addition, the Pacific Ocean experiences complex interactions between different convergent and divergent tectonic plate boundaries and eventually shrinks in size. While parts of the Pacific Plate are moving toward other plates, such as the North American Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate, there are also areas where plates are moving away from other plates, such as the eastern boundary of the Pacific Plate with the Nazca Plate.
In addition to having many volcanoes in the world, it is believed that most earthquakes occur in the Pacific Ocean. All these cause high vibrations, causing the plates to move and destroy old parts of the Earth’s crust. The sea floor cannot grow fast enough to replace degraded areas.
Ultimately, the size of Earth’s oceans is determined by long-term geologic processes related to plate tectonics, and any changes in ocean sizes occur on geologic timescales, not human lifetimes. These geological processes have been shaping the world as we know it for millions of years.
300 million years ago, our planet did not consist of 7 continents, but instead consisted of one ocean and one continent, which scientists called “Pangaea”. Over time, the continent slowly collapsed, according to Bright Side.
At one point, South America, Antarctica, Australia, and Africa were one unit, and North America and Eurasia were another. Over time, these continents also separated, each moving in its own direction.
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science
The most dangerous of them is the “breath of the dead” … Bad breath is a symptom of these serious diseases
Some metabolic disorders can cause bad breath due to various problems in the intestines, blood or liver.
The following are the most important medical conditions that can cause complications:
diabetes
- A common condition that causes bad breath in the mouth and throat is diabetes because high glucose levels can cause the growth of harmful bacteria.
- Because people with diabetes have insulin problems, cells may not get the glucose they need for energy, and instead the body starts burning fat-forming compounds called ketones.
- Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine and cause bad breath.
- One of these ketones is acetone, and it can cause breath to smell like nail polish.
- If someone with diabetes notices the smell, they should seek medical advice as it could be due to diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition.
Liver disease
- If a person’s breath has a strong, foul smell, this is a sign that the liver is not filtering out toxins.
- Doctors call this distinctive smell “the breath of the dead” because of its association with severe and fatal liver disease.
Kidney disease
- Chronic kidney disease is a condition in which the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter the blood properly, which is why excess fluids and waste from the blood can build up in the body and cause other health problems such as heart disease and stroke.
- People with kidney failure may develop bad breath.
- As the kidneys begin to fail, the metabolic urea cannot be excreted effectively in the urine, and it accumulates in the blood and saliva.
- The body converts urea into ammonia, which causes bitterness in the mouth and bad breath.
- One in three people on dialysis say their breath smells like urine.
Too much methionine in the blood
- It is an increase in a specific protein building block (amino acid) called methionine in the blood.
- People with this condition often have no symptoms, but if their breath, sweat, or urine smells like boiled cabbage, they should see a doctor.
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science
Head of State: We are interested in international cooperation to achieve the success of the goals of “COP28”.
The Head of State Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan attended some of the “Group of 77 and China” meetings held during the proceedings of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations. Framework Conference on Climate Change (COP28), which is taking place at Expo City Dubai.
While attending the meeting, he welcomed the participating leaders and emphasized the importance of cooperation among developing countries to promote their common interests and to ensure their presence in international affairs, embodied in the meetings of the group.
His Highness emphasized the UAE’s interest in strengthening international cooperation to achieve the success of the goals of the 28th session of the Conference of the Parties in accelerating the transition towards a sustainable, low-carbon, high-growth economic model through effective detection. Action-based solutions to the climate crisis facing the world.
For their part, participants appreciated the UAE’s hosting of the first-ever group meetings at COP conferences, noting that the meetings provided an opportunity to discuss areas of common interest, identify common challenges and propose measures to address them. Confront team members while emphasizing the importance of teamwork and cooperation.
During the World Climate Action Summit, the leaders also appreciated the announcement of the President of the State, emphasizing the importance of this initiative in supporting the path of sustainable development and promoting sustainable development globally. Based on international cooperation.
They also emphasized the importance of the “COP28” agenda, which aims to catalyze collective action to protect ecosystems and food systems that are resilient to climate change, empowering the most affected communities by investing in practical solutions to improve lives and livelihoods. .
Muhammad bin Saeed:
• Finding effective solutions to the global climate crisis.
• Accelerating the transition towards a sustainable economic model.
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science
Amiri Diwan confirms stability of Kuwait Emir’s health… And prosecution threatens to prosecute those who spread rumors about “the arrangement of the ruling house”.
United Arab Emirates (CNN) — Kuwaiti Emir Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah’s health condition was confirmed on Saturday by the Minister of Emirati Diwan Affairs, Sheikh Muhammad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah. It is stable, thanks to God Almighty,” Kuwait News Agency reported. “Kona.”
The minister added: “We pray to the Almighty God for a speedy recovery to the Emir of the country and to grant him good health and complete well-being.”
The Minister of Amiri Diwan Affairs said on Wednesday that the health of the Emir of Kuwait is stable and he is still receiving the necessary treatment.
Earlier, the Amiri Diwan minister said the Kuwaiti emir “entered the hospital to receive treatment and undergo a medical examination following a health condition”.
For its part, the Kuwaiti Public Prosecution warned in a statement on Saturday against “taking decisive action and filing criminal charges against every individual, group, platform, media, radio station or any organization that publishes or addresses anything related to the health of the Emir or the arrangement of the ruling house.”
The Kuwait Public Prosecution added: “We have been monitoring many false reports and shocking lies in the media, and by individuals on visual, audio and print media platforms, about the health of the Emir of the country or the arrangements of the ruling house. According to Kuna.
Rumor mongers have used the word as a weapon to spread poison in the society using flimsy pretexts of freedom of expression, good intentions and fear, forgetting the harmful effects of rumours. According to the Kuwaiti Agency, there is more than a raging plague.
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