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Inventor of water clock and astrolabe

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Inventor of water clock and astrolabe

Inventor of water clock and astrolabe ? We will answer this one by one. Water clocks depend on observing celestial bodies, telling time and determining day and night, while an astrolabe is an astronomical instrument whose uses include finding and predicting the positions of the stars and the sun. . Determine local time based on local longitude, survey and measurement.

Inventor of water clock and astrolabe

The pharaohs were the first to use a water clock to mark time, and al-Farzi was the first to develop the astrolabe.Both inventions are old historical inventions that benefited people for decades and years, then they were developed into new inventions that were discovered without much effort as before, which determine and predict time based on specific measurements.

What is a water clock?

Water clocks are one of the oldest clocks for observing celestial bodies, since the oldest of them was found in the tomb of Amenhotep, who was buried in 1500 BC, that is, invented by the pharaohs, and later the Greeks called them clepsydras (“the water thief”). It began to be used in 325 BC. Water clocks are stone with sloping sides. Consists of vessels that allow water to drip from a small hole in the bottom at an almost constant rate. Other water clocks are cylindrical or bowl-shaped containers designed to slowly fill with water at a constant rate. Marks were on the inner surface to measure an hour whenever the water level reached this mark. These clocks were used to determine the hour. Night. There is another version of clocks. The water bottle is a metal container with a hole in the bottom. If you put water in a bowl, the bowl fills and sinks. This clock is still in use in North Africa until this century. More elaborate water clocks were developed by Greek and Roman astronomers between 100 BC and 500 AD. An additional complication is making the flow more stable by regulating the pressure. Scenes were created over time, bells were used or doors and windows opened, figures of small figures or moving pointers, discs and astronomical models of the universe showed the end of time.

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What is an astrolabe?

Astrolabe is a historical astronomical instrument and an ancient analog computer. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the stars and the sun, determining local time by looking at local longitude, surveying and measuring. The astrolabe was the main navigational tool until the invention of the sextant in the 16th century. Some historians attribute the invention of the astrolabe to Al-Farazi because he was the first to develop astrology. In the 15th century, Abraham Zaguto developed a metal astrolabe in Lisbon that improved the accuracy of the Arabic wooden astrolabe.

The astrolabe consists of a hollow disc called the tympanum, which is deep enough to hold one or more flat plates called the tympanum. The cylinder was created for a specific latitude and engraved with a stereoscopic projection of lines of equal thickness and height representing a portion of the celestial sphere above the local horizon, usually reducing the orbit to hours. Time, or the degrees of Sagittarius, or both, on the mother and tympanum there is a grid, a projection of the ecliptic, and a frame with several pointers indicating the positions of the stars. The webs are free to rotate, and some astrolabes can be distinguished by a narrow base that rotates above the web and an apermeter that rotates the web. As the stars and the path of the sun move on the tympanum over the coordinates of the celestial projections, and a complete cycle marks the passage of time, the astrolabe is one of the ancestors of the modern world. The back of the piece is often engraved with a number of scales useful in various astrolabe applications, the number of which varies from designer to designer, but includes curves for time changes, a calendar for converting the day of the month to an ecliptic, trigonometric scales, and a 360-degree scale around the back edge.

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In the 15th century, French instrument maker Jean Vossouris (1365-1436 AD) began selling astrolabes in his Paris shop along with small sundials and other scientific instruments popular at the time.

Old time measuring devices

It is said that there has been time since or before the existence of man on earth, and that men measured time in different ways in different periods, initially it was measured by thinking of nature and may have been the first instrument for measuring time. The shortening of the stick or mountain shadow leads to noon. While the length of the shadows depicts the approach of night, the following is a view of ancient measuring devices:

  • SundialsAround 1500 BC, simple sundials were used to divide the time interval between sunrise and sunset into 12 different parts. Ancient Egyptian clocks built around 3500 BC are the oldest clocks used to measure time.
  • AstrolabeThe astrolabe was invented by Al-Farazi and was a multi-purpose astronomical instrument. The astrolabe was an elaborately engraved copper disk used to determine the positions of the stars and to calculate the time.
  • Sand glassIt is a clock consisting of two conical mirrors connected vertically with a narrow neck, invented in the fourteenth century, and it can measure a certain period depending on the size and width of the mirror and the size of the mirror. . It contained sand inside, and this measuring instrument was considered more accurate than a water clock or a candle clock.
  • Water clock: The inventors of the water clock were the Pharaohs, and it is known that the water clock existed in Egypt in the sixteenth century and was used to measure time by monitoring the continuous flow of water into or out of a container. Indicated in the container, but there were differences due to pressure flowing water.
  • Candle hourCandles are marked with numbers and represent a specific period of time for the candle to burn. It is not known where candle clocks were first mentioned by the Chinese poet Yu Jiangu in 520 AD.
  • PendulumIn 1602 Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei conducted a scientific study on the pendulum, where its motion was used to track time, and it was considered one of the world’s most accurate timekeeping inventions until 1930 AD. Christian Huygens invented the pendulum clock in 1658, which was used for 270 years and credited worldwide for its accuracy.
  • QuartzIn the early twentieth century, Albert Einstein proposed the theory of relativity and defined time as a fourth dimension. Quartz clocks were developed in the 1930s and were an improved version of the pendulum clock. The quartz crystal must be placed in a suitable circuit to create a connection between the mechanical stress and the field. The electrode creates a vibration in the crystal to produce a constant frequency, which is used to power the display of the electronic clock.
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At the end of this article, we summarize the most important points mentioned in it, where the answer to the question is determined. Who invented water clock and astrolabe? Along with learning about ancient time measuring devices, what is a water clock and what is an astrolabe.

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Extraterrestrial life: ‘Just a matter of time’ to find it, say scientists

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Extraterrestrial life: ‘Just a matter of time’ to find it, say scientists

image source, ESA

Comment on photo,

One of Jupiter’s icy moons, Europa, is a possible alien home in our solar system.

  • author, Ballab Ghosh
  • stock, Science Correspondent – BBC News

Many space scientists have stopped to wonder if life exists elsewhere in the universe.

The question they ask is: When will we find out?

Many are optimistic that we will find signs of life on distant worlds within our lifetime, perhaps within the next few years.

A scientist leading a mission to Jupiter goes so far as to say it would be “surprising” if life didn’t exist on one of Jupiter’s icy moons.

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Realme C35 Mobile Price in UAE

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Realme C35 Mobile Price in UAE

Despite the fact that it belongs to the category of budget smartphones, Realme C35 has confirmed that it will adhere to the elegant technical characteristics of the most popular version of the phone, the phone that was launched in many countries around the world last year. Belonging to the popular C series, where it was… The Realme C35 has a processor with good performance in its price segment, a screen that supports a 60 Hz refresh rate, but not better than the previous generation, a traditional battery and external plastic materials.

Realme C35 Mobile Specifications

The Realme C35 sports a 6.6-inch LCD display with a resolution of 1080 x 2408 pixels, 401 ppi pixel density, 20:9 aspect ratio, 84.0% screen-to-body ratio, 90Hz refresh rate, and a maximum 600Hz refresh rate. Square, normal position has 480 nits and a protective panda glass.

The phone is powered by Unesco’s 12nm 8-core Tiger D616 chipset with a high clock speed of 2GHz via Cortex-A75 Mali-G57MP.

We have a memory capacity of 6 GB RAM and 128 GB RAM with UFC 2.2 technology, which supports the presence of Micro SDXT memory cards to increase the memory capacity of the phone.

Realme C35 mobile

The Realme phone is powered by a built-in non-removable 5000mAh lithium-polymer battery that supports 18W charging.

The program runs Android 11 operating system with Realme Ui 2.0 user interface.

As for the total weight of the phone, it weighs 189 grams, thickness is 8.1 mm, length is 164.4 mm and width is 75.6 mm.

Realme C35 Phone Price in UAE

The Realme C35 mobile has a triple camera setup on the rear panel, a main sensor with a resolution of 50 megapixels and a wide aperture of f / 1.8, a second macro camera with an aperture of f / 2.4 and a resolution of 2. megapixels, and a third camera with a resolution of 0.3 megapixels, a depth camera with an aperture of f / 2.8, all with HDR technology and autofocus.

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As for the front-facing camera, it has a resolution of 8 megapixels, a lens aperture of f/2.0 and the ability to shoot 720 quality video at 30 frames per second.

Realme C35 Phone Price in UAE

Realme C35 Mobile Price in UAE

The Realme C35 mobile is available in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from the Amazon UAE store at a price of AED 529.

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Counter Strike.. Find out the specifications required to run the game on PC

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Counter Strike.. Find out the specifications required to run the game on PC


By Mounis Hawass

Saturday, September 30, 2023 at 05:00 PM

Valve finally announced a game Counter strike The newest – Counter-Strike 2 – is now available to all users via the Steam platform. The game is free and all users can now download the game and start playing.

But before we go, the biggest question here is, can your PC handle the new Counter-Strike game? Below is the full system requirements list for the game as listed by Valve.

Counter Strike 2: System Requirements

Before getting into the details of the game’s system requirements, it should be noted that these are the minimum requirements and any computer that matches these requirements can run the game, anything higher than this will allow the game to run at its best frame rate. ratio.

Also note that Valve has made the game available on Windows and Linux platforms. macOS is currently missing from the list.

Minimum Requirements for Windows

Operating System: Windows 10

Processor: 4 Intel Core i5 750 or higher

Memory: 8 GB RAM

Graphics: Video card should be 1GB or more and DirectX 11 compatible with shader model 5.0 support

DirectX: Version 11

Storage: 85 GB available space

Minimum Linux Requirements

Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04

Processor: Intel Core i5 750 or higher

Memory: 8 GB RAM

Graphics: AMD GCN+ or NVIDIA Kepler+ with up-to-date Vulkan drivers. Support for VK_EXT_graphics_pipeline_library is highly recommended.

Storage: 85 GB available space

Sound card: Highly recommended

What do the minimum requirements say about the new Counter-Strike game?

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Counter-Strike is always a game that runs on any computer regardless of specs. It keeps up with the latest game and hence, depending on the requirements this game can run on relatively old hardware as well.

For example, a 7th generation Intel Core i5 CPU is a few years old and has a GPU requirement of 1GB or more with Direct X 11, which is not the latest version of DirectX.

In general, the game can be played on any computer, even if it has some outdated internal hardware.



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