Ships sunk during World War II lie at the bottom of the Dunkirk Canal
Archaeologists have unearthed the British destroyer Keith, which had been lying at the bottom of the Dunkirk Canal since it was sunk during Operation Dynamo in World War II, and are working to retrieve cargo from their research vessel. The strip, which is about 100 meters long and 10 meters wide, shows traces of bombs.
According to Agence France-Presse, the warship appears in three dimensions on the screen of a geophysicist from the British government agency Historic England, which is participating in this debris transport campaign led by the French Department of Underwater Archaeology.
According to the geophysicist, a multi-beam echo sounder suspended below the boat measures the depth of the water, allowing it to create a “three-dimensional model of the sea floor and the shipwrecks there.”
“The appearance of the ship on screen,” the scientist describes, “is fascinating because these sunken ships represent a shared cultural heritage between England and France.”
The ship appears in three dimensions on the screen of Historic England’s (AFP) geophysicist.
However, Cécile Sauvage, an archaeologist at the French Department of Underwater Archeology who co-directed the search operation that began on September 25, said that despite the “enormous size” of the wreck it would “disappear little by little”. Cataloging, he explained, allows “to preserve the memory of these ships and the human history behind their wrecks.”
Operation “Dynamo,” immortalized in the 2017 film “Dunkirk,” took place from May 26 to June 4, 1940, and was represented as an attempt to evacuate Allied forces besieged by German forces in northern France. Go to England.
In 9 days, 338,220 fighters were evacuated, most of them British, but also French (123,000) and Belgians (16,800), in unprecedented conditions and in various boats, including military ships, others fishing, barges, trawlers and soon.
The short route between Dunkirk and Dover was no more than 60 kilometers, but it was within range of the enemy guns stationed at Calais.
According to archaeologist Claire Destanquez, who co-directed the operation, “between 1,000 and 1,500 ships of all types passed through,” she explains, of which 305 were “sunk as a result of bombardment, enemy torpedoes and mines and skirmishes. Surgical panic. About 5,000 soldiers drowned.” Historian Patrick Oden of Dunkirk says:
Shipwrecks represent a shared cultural heritage between England and France (AFP)
In three weeks, two archaeologists, supported by two geophysicists, explored the North Sea to find these missing ships, the first time this had happened in French waters.
These shipwrecks have previously been discovered by volunteer divers in the area, but archaeologists must confirm the locations and compare them with archival data to formalize the identity of each wreck.
Researchers pointed to a French cargo ship about 100 meters long that had arrived from Algeria to unload supplies at Dunkirk in 1940 and was asked to evacuate 1,200 soldiers. But he drowned shortly after leaving port, the result of being struck by a mine, Claire Destancus says.
A researcher points out on screen the impact of mining on a ship found more than 80 years after it sank at sea. “The story of her drowning is very touching,” he says.
Archaeologists announced that the survey campaign had enabled them to definitively identify 27 shipwrecks sunk during Operation Dynamo.
Wrecks of 3 other fragments were also found, but their “severe damage” required “exploration by diving” in a second research phase in 2024 to confirm their identity.
Cécile Sauvage explains that the goal of such a research campaign is “to determine the location of these remains and to develop a better idea of them”. The goal is to “better protect these (antiquities), especially when implementing development projects that could destroy them, such as wind farms.”
There have been plans to install a wind farm off the coast of Dunkirk for several years.
He points out that this is an opportunity to introduce the public to this tradition, noting that “Dynamo was an important station in the Second World War”, but it is much less known in France than in Britain.
Claire Destanques explains that the ruins of these fragments, hidden under water, represent “305 stories in history”.
NASA is currently in the early stages of developing the LunaNet, an Internet network on the Moon that goes beyond exchanging information between astronauts in space and people on Earth. The agency plans to build a vast infrastructure around the moon to connect everything from a human habitation, a new space station, and a lunar network service.
“All the cell towers and Wi-Fi hot spots on Earth today, and the things that provide network connectivity, have changed the way we work in our daily lives,” says Dave Israel, principal investigator for NASA’s Goddard Space Program. Aviation center. What we want to do today is make this experience available to astronauts and robotic missions to the Moon, and then extend it to Mars and wherever we go.
But it is not without challenges; Because data transmission between the Earth and the Moon is not easy, especially since the South Pole of the Moon and its distance does not directly face the Earth. Transportation is another obstacle because there are not many trips to the moon, which means it may take a long time to transport lunar internet equipment. We await several upcoming launches, the first of which will be the manned “Artemis 2” mission in 2024, which will include tests of lunar communication technology. However, the researcher does not expect this technology to be fully ready and operational by the end of this decade.
On Earth we use satellites that have been in orbit for years to connect to the network. Companies such as SpaceX, OneWeb and Amazon are currently building networks of thousands of satellites in low-Earth orbit to provide fast service from space. In turn, the International Space Station also has its own connection to the Internet, unlike the Moon.
Kelly Larson, CEO of Aquarian Space, a startup focused on lunar communications, explains, “The data rates customers currently receive on the moon are not a connection, but a battle for connectivity.”
To improve the service, NASA plans to launch lunar satellites that will communicate with each other and then connect to communications infrastructure on Earth. In the case of the lunar south pole, a remote area that NASA hopes astronauts will eventually reach, switching between spacecraft is considered a viable solution. The company also intends to deploy a fleet of ground stations that will play the role of cell towers on the lunar surface.
Private companies play an important role in building new Internet infrastructure. Aquarien Space, for example, plans to launch the first group of lunar communications satellites in the second quarter of 2025, and hopes that its technology will finally succeed in delivering 100 megabits per second without interference to the lunar surface. NASA is also collaborating with Nokia to build a cellular network for the Moon using fourth-generation technology. Nokia won a $14 million contract from the company, and its first platforms and radio equipment are set to launch to the moon next year on a SpaceX rocket.
In turn, the European Space Agency is working on a parallel project called “Moonlight,” which is based on contracting companies to build lunar communications infrastructure.
These plans to speed up the use of Internet connectivity on the Moon are aimed at securing basic logistics. As the number of human and robotic observers on the lunar surface increases,
The need for communication networks to help determine directions, such as the popular GPS technology on Earth, will increase. The “Luna Net” project could help in monitoring astronauts’ health and lunar weather conditions, as well as organizing activities on the lunar surface and in its orbit.
Xiaomi 13 Pro… Huge storage space, stable performance and sleek design! The price and specifications of the device in Saudi Arabia is one of the most important topics that lovers of all things new in the world of smart phones are looking for, as Xiaomi’s new phone has been released and let’s know its price. And below are the specifications.
Xiaomi 13 Pro PriceDevice in Saudi Arabia
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The Redmi Note 13 Pro is Xiaomi’s latest addition to the smartphone market, and it’s considered a bestseller, as it offers specs ranging from its design and screen to its performance, camera capabilities, battery life, and more that appeal to many people. Currently in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, it will reach… 4400 Saudi Riyals for the 512 GB version with 12 GB RAM.
Xiaomi 13 Pro Specifications in Saudi Arabia
While talking about Xiaomi 13 Pro price in Saudi Arabia, let us know about the specifications of the device which are as follows:
1- The design and build quality of the Redmi Note 13 Pro
With an elegant design that combines beauty and durability.
Made from premium materials, this phone is not only stylish but designed to withstand daily use.
Its dimensions of 161.2 mm in length and 74.3 mm in width are comfortable to hold and use at a thickness of 8 mm.
The phone is capable of maintaining a weight of 187 grams.
The device is available in 4 colors: Blue, Black, White and Purple.
2- Redmi Note 13 Pro screen
smile AMOLED The 6.67-inch display delivers vibrant colors and exceptional clarity.
It supports 120Hz refresh rate.
Resolution: 1220 x 2712 pixels (1.5K).
The pixel density is 446 pixels per inch.
Screen brightness up to 1800 nits.
Glass provides Gorilla Glass Victus Protection against scratches and small drops.
to support Dolby Vision and +HDR10 and an eye protection system to reduce blue light emissions.
3- Redmi 13 Pro performance and memory
It is powered by an app Qualcomm Snapdragon 7s Gen 2. Built on a 4nm manufacturing process, the octa-core processor ensures exceptional performance.
The CPU has four high-performance cores with a frequency of 2.40 GHz and four energy-saving cores with a frequency of 1.95 GHz.
Graphics are processed by the GPU Adreno 710It offers smooth graphics and supports a range of games and applications.
OS Android 13It is the latest version of the operating system Android.
Available in multiple RAM and storage configurations of 8GB, 12GB, or 16GB RAM and 128GB, 256GB, or 512GB internal storage..
4- Redmi 13 Pro Camera
The rear camera setup consists of three lenses.
High resolution sensor from Samsung (HP3) It ensures exceptional detail and clarity in your images.
200-megapixel main camera with optical image stabilization technology (OIS) and lens aperture F/1.7.
8MP wide-angle camera with punch hole F/2.2.
Cameras offer a wide range of photography options.
Support for features like digital zoom, geo-tagging, touch focus and face detection.
Supports video recording in 4 resolutionsK 30 frames per second.
Digital stabilization technologyEIS)
2MP macro camera for close-up photography.
Features Xiaomi 13 Pro
The phone has many advantages, which are mentioned in the following points:
The rear cameras offer excellent performance.
The external speakers come with stereo sound and provide a unique audio experience.
120-watt fast charging, and the charger comes in the box, 50-watt wireless charging and 10-watt wireless charging.
Supports shooting videos in 8G qualityK.
You will get the most powerful performance experience with the leading app Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 .
Latest Android 13 operating system with Xiaomi’s latest interface MIUI 14 .
Excellent curved edge screen with 120 refresh rateHertz And that’s good.
Certified water and dust resistant IP68 .
Xiaomi is working to become the leader in the Middle East and the world in the field of manufacturing mobile phones in a unique way, conquering the Arab and European markets with more unique versions.
Scientists revealed that Mercury’s North Pole A new study by the Institute for Planetary Research suggests that life may exist within the salty glaciers hidden beneath the surface of an uninhabitable planet, which may have the right conditions to support some type of alien.
According to the British newspaper “Daily Mail”, researchers say that despite the harsh conditions, there are similar regions on Earth.
Dr. Alexis Rodriguez, principal investigator of the study, said: “This thought leads us to consider the possibility that beneath the surface of Mercury there are regions more suitable for life than its hard surface.”
Using images from NASA’s MESSENGER probe, the researchers studied the geology of Mercury’s north pole, where researchers found evidence that salt glaciers may have flowed through the planet’s Raditladi and Eminescu craters.
But these glaciers are not like the ones we know on Earth, and instead of ice, Mercury’s glaciers are made of salts that trap volatile compounds like water, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
When Mercury collided with space rocks, craters blasted through the basalt rock’s outer layer, allowing these volatile compounds to escape from Earth and form glaciers. As the closest planet to the Sun, Mercury reaches temperatures of 806 degrees Fahrenheit (430 degrees Celsius). ) during the day, meaning that these volatile chemicals have evaporated.
However, scientists were able to locate the glaciers by looking for recognizable features of the Earth.
Dr Rodrigues said: “Our models strongly confirm that salt flow could have formed these glaciers and that they retained their volatiles for more than a billion years after emplacement.”
Mercury may have a large layer of salt beneath its surface, hidden from the Sun’s intense heat and rich in volatile compounds that could support life.
Dr. Rodriguez points out that similar habitats are capable of supporting life on Earth, “The salt compounds identified on Earth create a habitable environment even in some extreme environments, such as the arid Atacama Desert in Chile.”
