A special science magazine, Interesting Engineering, presents a complete and concise view of the history of the universe from its beginning to the present era. Visions can vary and be criticized based on the discoveries that occur daily in the field of space science.

The beginning of the explosion

Scientists believed that the universe began at this time, 13.7 billion years ago, and there was a big bang. Various space missions have produced estimates related to the age of the universe, since the Planck mission, especially in the period from 2009 to 2013, according to data from the European Space Agency. The age of the universe was estimated at 13.82 billion years, but a recent estimate from observations by the Atacama Telescope in Chile puts it at 13.77 billion years old.

The second phase of the universe’s life is the creation of atoms, scientific theories suggest that subatomic particles including (electrons and neutrons) formed 6 to 10 seconds after the Big Bang, amid scientists’ beliefs that the universe began to cool (protons and neutrons).

For 380 million years, nothing disturbing or significant happened, while some elements combined to form helium atoms.

In the third phase, as atoms begin to form, energy is released in the form of light, known as the “cosmic microwave background.” This led to the absorption of free electrons to make the universe dark. , and so there is no scattering of light.

Dark times

About 400 million years after the Big Bang, the so-called “Dark Ages” appeared, the “Age of Reionization,” a period in which the universe went through a dynamic phase that is believed to have lasted for a billion years. In life, observations showed that reionization could have occurred quickly and suddenly. Scientists knew that during that period, gas first formed stars and galaxies.

The fourth stage is that the first star is called Methuselah or HD 140283, and it is considered the oldest in the universe, because it is located about 190.1 light years from Earth and is in equilibrium, and its age is about 13 billion years, which is close to the age of the universe.

The story of the birth of the first two constellations

During the fifth phase, the first two galaxies were born, and in July 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) captured an image of a galaxy called GLASS-z13, which formed about 300 to 400 million years after the Big Bang.

The James Webb Space Telescope found another early galaxy called GLASS-z11, and the research confirmed that, based on the mass of a billion suns, the two galaxies must be about 500 million years old.

milky way

As for the story of the Milky Way, it is believed that the Milky Way Galaxy formed when large clouds of gas and dust gathered under the force of gravity. When a dense, bright disk appears.

Recent research indicates that these theories are more complex and not simple, including multiple collisions and mergers with smaller galaxies, data from the Gaia space observatory revealed some of the oldest stars expected to be found in the galaxy. The halo is, in fact, present in the disk, indicating that the history of stellar motion and galaxy formation is very complex.

According to the results, the Milky Way Galaxy is not static, having evolved over billions of years except by gravitational interactions and mergers with other star systems.

According to some astronomers, the Milky Way Galaxy and the “neighboring” Andromeda Galaxy are scheduled to collide after about 5 billion years.

The result is cold death

Cold Death Comes in the Final Scene According to scientific evidence, the Big Freeze or Heat Death is a clear scenario of the end of the universe as the universe expands indefinitely and eventually reaches absolute zero temperature.

Evaporating black holes, known as “Hawking radiation,” stop star formation and burn out existing stars.

In one of the theories on the subject, he confirmed the “Big Crunch”, a theory that believes that the universe collapsed into a hot and dense state and caused a big bang, although this theory is interesting, should not be imagined. What happens when humans run out of time?

This topic was written by Sultan Al-Qahtani – Software giant Microsoft is preparing to launch a new version of the Windows operating system, and recent expectations indicate that Microsoft is preparing to release the Windows 12 update in the second half of 2024. .

Microsoft is working on a new version of the Windows operating system, known by the “Hudson Valley” logo, and leaks from multiple sources have confirmed that the Windows 12 update aims to focus specifically on artificial intelligence technology.

The company has already started previewing the “Hudson Valley” update, which will later be released under the title Windows 12, via “Windows Insider” in preparation for the release of the RTM model in April 2024.

This version mainly focuses on improving the user experience with artificial intelligence technology, with features like “Windows Shell” and assistant with artificial intelligence technology, a digital assistant that works continuously on the back screen.

The digital assistant is expected to support improving search functions and launching applications, and artificial intelligence will also work to improve system management with smoother performance when integrated deep into the operating system through new NPU devices to achieve optimal performance.

Expectations also indicate that new standards will be required for computers to be compatible with new artificial intelligence technology, and the proportion of devices equipped with artificial intelligence technology is expected to rise to 81% by 2027.

Evidence

Sunday 10 December 2023 / 13:04

CNET.com, a website specializing in technology topics, notes that the Pepper Mini application is a successor to the original Pepper application, now named Pepper Cloud.

Like the original Sunbird or Paper applications, the Paper Mini application connects directly to the iMessage network without requiring a permanent connection to Apple Mac Mini devices. Therefore, the Pepper Mini does not require an Apple ID, although having this ID will allow the user to access the iMessage service via the Pepper Mini and Apple devices such as Macs and iPads.
Pepper says it supports several key features of iMessage using methods such as end-to-end message encryption, typing indicators, replying to posts and group chats.

Pepper was developed independently of Apple, and it is impossible to continue to offer all the features that Apple offers to iMessage users on iPhone smartphones and other devices manufactured by the American company.
Meanwhile, the original Pepper app has a waiting list of users who want to access it.

Original Pepper allows you to access the iMessage service using any Mac device while connected to another messaging app, such as WhatsApp.

Pepper Mini can be downloaded from Google’s Play Store without waiting, but the developer gets a $2 monthly subscription after a 7-day free trial period.