The clouds do not run on Mars like clouds on Earth, but rather appear to be “droplets” and hurricanes, which appeared in the first video aired by NASA two days ago and have since been photographed by Curiosity’s lenses. Rover on the surface of the Red Planet 6 years ago.
The clouds on Mars appear dim and clear in the video, not because they are particles of water and ice, but because they are “carbon dioxide ice, because it’s so cold,” “Al Arabiya.net” sums up. I read about it on science sites, including the American CNET, which quoted NASA as saying that filming the movie “8 Frames” on December 12 was not easy and that many photos had to be taken to get it. A fixed and clear background so that everything else moving inside the image like clouds and shadows is visible after subtracting the static background.
As for the height of Mars’ clouds, from its desert-style surface, the average height of Earth’s clouds is not reduced to 2 to 6 kilometers, but rather to 80 kilometers, so special techniques are needed to photograph them. Curiosity provided a number of lenses that photographed the passing of its shadows on the Earth’s surface, as well as its “sliding” properties in the atmosphere. Several vehicles have photographed Mars. Clouds in the past, but the images are static and do not lead to clear scientific conclusions.
After taking pictures, NASA scientists concluded that Mars’ ice clouds may have “supported the rivers and lakes in it” because of the high altitude ice clouds that could keep the planet warm enough for rivers and lakes, and came to a conclusion. PNAS Edwin Guide, a planetary scientist at the University of Chicago, is an assistant professor of geophysics and an expert on other world climates.
The heart is the most important organ for human health, and for its functions to be effective, we must devote time to physical activity every day, and also pay attention to nutritious food. Now common among teenagers and children, one should know the obvious symptoms For heart problems Early treatment can save lives and damage, fatigue, swelling in legs and feet, dizziness and irregular heartbeat should not be ignored. Here are the symptoms as published on the website.In Hindu times“.
Some important symptoms that should not be ignored are:
1. Chest pain or discomfort
A heart problem is often indicated by chest pain, which is characterized by tightness, pressure, squeezing, or burning. The arms, neck, jaw, or back may also be affected.
2. Suffocation
Shortness of breath that occurs even with mild activity or at rest can be a sign of a heart condition, which can be accompanied by a feeling of shortness of breath or gasping for air..
3. Fatigue
Low energy levels can result from your heart’s inability to pump blood effectively, especially if a heart condition interferes with your ability to perform normal tasks, such as persistent, unexplained fatigue..
4. Arrhythmia
Pay close attention to your heart palpitations, palpitations, or feelings that your heart skips a beat, as an irregular heartbeat can indicate a more serious heart condition..
5. Inflammation
Swelling or swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or abdomen may indicate heart failure. The body fills with fluid when the heart cannot pump enough blood..
Insufficient blood supply to the brain, which may be associated with heart disease, can cause dizziness or fainting.
7. Excessive sweating
Excessive sweating can be a sign of a heart condition, especially a heart attack, especially when accompanied by other symptoms such as chest pain or shortness of breath..
8. Nausea or vomiting
Some people — especially women — experience nausea or vomiting during a heart attack or other heart problem..
9. Pain in upper body
Especially in women, pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, arms, shoulders, neck, or jaw may indicate heart problems..
10. Unexplained weight gain
Attention should be paid to sudden weight gain as a result of fluid retention due to congestive heart failure.
A study published today (Wednesday) reports that the mass of the Milky Way galaxy is four to five times less than previously thought, results that overturn what is known to date about the galaxy that contains the planet Earth.
As astronomer François Hamer, co-author of the study published by the journal “Astronomy and Astrophysics,” explained to Agence France-Presse, the result is “the result of the Gaia revolution.” Gaia, a satellite dedicated to mapping the Milky Way galaxy, revealed the positions and motions of 1.8 billion stars in its latest data in 2022.
It represents a small fraction of the total contents of our spiral galaxy, a disk about 100,000 light-years in diameter and consisting of four large arms, one of which includes our Solar System, all of which extend around a very luminous core. .
The authors of the study report that by studying the Gaia data they were able to calculate the rotation curve of the Milky Way with unprecedented precision. The task is to determine the speed at which celestial bodies rotate around the center of the galaxy.
Observations of spiral galaxies have previously concluded that this curve is “flattening”, meaning that once a certain distance from the center is reached, the rate of rotation is constant.
But “this is the first time we find that the curve descends outside its disk,” according to Francois Hamer, “as if there wasn’t a lot of matter” in the galaxy between 50 and 80 thousand years from the center.
As a result, “the mass of our Milky Way Galaxy has been revised to very low values,” about 200 billion times the mass of the Sun, five times less than previous estimates.
The Milky Way Galaxy appears in the sky over the island of Gozo, Malta (Reuters)
“Bold Decisions”
The study, conducted by an international team and led by astronomers from the Paris Observatory and the National Center for Scientific Research in France, has a second major conclusion, as it questions “the relationship between luminous matter and dark matter.” Astronomer.
This hypothesis is also called thematic theme because it is so far invisible and undetectable. It is thought to provide the mass necessary for the coalescence of galaxies, and represents about six times the mass of luminous matter that contains stars and gas clouds. For the Milky Way, the study calculates that this ratio is much lower, with three times as much dark matter as bright matter.
But astronomer François Combes, a colleague of François Hammer at the Paris Observatory, told Agence France-Presse that the results were “a bit bold” or “perhaps not well founded.”
This is significant because this study focuses on low galactic radii, while astronomers typically calculate galactic masses by taking greater distances into account.
However, apart from gas, globular clusters, dwarf galaxies or the Magellanic Cloud, “up to this distance we have a lot of dark matter,” notes Francois Combe, a senior expert on galaxy evolution.
But the Gombe galaxy, about 80,000 light-years away from the center of the galaxy, welcomes “very precise work that will improve our knowledge of the stars and their rotation”.
François Hammer’s team defends this work by talking about the uniqueness of our galaxy. Unlike most spiral galaxies, which saw violent collisions between galaxies six billion years ago, the Milky Way “evolved very quietly for nine billion years,” Hamer says.
Also, the difference between the Milky Way and other spiral galaxies can be justified by the observational method, which relies on stars in the former and gas clouds in the latter.
Meanwhile, Françoise Combe believes the Milky Way galaxy is “not exceptional,” but in terms of dark matter, “it’s like the others.”
After 3 years of suffering from the corona virus and its variants, the severity of the virus decreased and the virus began to recover from the effects of the terrible epidemic, scientists began to warn about the “nipa” virus, which is transmitted by bats. , pigs and animals.
Although it has not started spreading, some virologists in Russia have warned about the danger of the “Nipah” virus, which has already started spreading in India, and it is said to be likely to cause a new epidemic in the world.
Russian scientists have said that if the Nipah virus undergoes genetic changes it could become a pandemic.
A Russian scientist said Nipah virus is a viral disease originating from bats and is currently spreading in India, Bangladesh and some countries in Southeast Asia.
We advise virologists not to travel to countries where infections with this virus have been reported, as the virus is not widespread and infections are few and far between in India and Southeast Asia.
Virologists advised to wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, wash hands and wear masks, because there is currently no vaccine against this virus, and there are no drugs against it.
The disease is spread from animals to humans, from an infected person to others, through contaminated food and respiratory droplets.
The disease may show no symptoms, or may be accompanied by mild or severe respiratory infection or encephalitis, in the latter case it can lead to coma and death.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the outbreak has so far occurred in the city of Kozhikode in the Indian state of Kerala.
