science
“Intuitive” questions that science still can’t answer.. Here are some of the most important
Science has given us exceptional abilities to understand the secrets of the universe, living organisms and nature, however, some mysteries still surround us and remain mysterious even in the world of science.
Despite great scientific progress, there are still some questions that puzzle scientists today, some of which may require more efforts and advances to answer.
In this article, we review the most important questions that science has yet to answer.
1- Why do we dream?
Scientists and sleep experts generally know when people dream, which is during the deep sleep stage known as the fourth stage of sleep, also known as the “rapid eye movement” stage, which is characterized by increased brain activity.
A person may remember some dreams upon waking, but he may quickly forget others or their details may fade from his memory.
But, in fact, researchers still don’t know why we dream. Dreams may be a way to think about the stresses of everyday life, or perhaps escape from them, or a way to protect ourselves from threats and dangers. Along with dozens of other explanations.
Regardless of their purpose, dreams are part of the human experience.
2- How to get rid of cancer?
Each year, more than half a million people die in the United States alone from cancer and its various forms.
Cancer takes many forms and affects many parts of the body, and the disease is known for the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Tumors enlarge, spread and damage organs, which can cause death.
Cancer is scientifically known to occur when cells in the body grow and reproduce abnormally, and it usually begins when changes occur in the DNA within cells, leading to a loss of their ability to properly control their growth and division.
These genetic changes can occur due to exposure of the body to external stimuli such as harmful chemicals and radiation, or an error in the normal cell reproduction process.
By some estimates, more than one-third of cancers can be prevented by avoiding cancer-causing habits.
However, prevention is only part of the equation, and genetics plays a big role as many people inherit faulty DNA from their parents and are predisposed to certain types of cancer, even if they lead healthy lives.
These myriad variables and the unique genetic makeup of humans make some scientists question the ability to treat all types of cancer.
On the other hand, thanks to advances in science and cancer treatments that continue to improve and reduce patient suffering.
3- What happens at death?
Every person on this planet has his own view and belief about what will happen to him after his death, but life after death and the existence of a second life is one of the oldest questions that perplexes mankind from a scientific point of view. is a philosophical and spiritual issue.
At the time when scientists understood the first stages of death, there was no conclusive scientific evidence to definitively answer this question.
From a scientific point of view, after death, brain activity ceases, vital functions of the body gradually cease, so that consciousness is extinguished, breathing and heartbeats cease, after which the process of decomposition of the body begins and vital life disappears. .
From a religious or spiritual perspective, it is believed that there is life after death and that the soul can separate from the body and go to another world, while interpretations and beliefs about this world differ between different religions.
Regardless of personal beliefs, the concept of what happens after death is one of the greatest mysteries that science has yet to definitively reveal.
4- Are we alone in the universe?
This question is one of the cosmic questions that has intrigued man since ancient times. Although some people believe that Earth is the only intelligent life in the universe, researchers say that it is almost impossible for Earth to be the only home. for life.
There may be more than 40 billion habitable planets in our galaxy alone, indicating that the possibility of life elsewhere may be on the cards.
But so far, there is no concrete evidence to prove the existence of extraterrestrial life, and NASA researchers know that they expect to find traces of extraterrestrial life in the next two decades.
Perhaps reinforcing this is the fact that while the conditions on the planets discovered so far do not fully support human life, water, gases, and similar elements necessary for life exist on many planets.
5- Where does awareness come from?
One of the most philosophical and scientific questions that science still cannot definitively answer is the origin of consciousness.
Consciousness is the ability to perceive, understand, and communicate with the environment and oneself, and despite advances in science in understanding the structure of the brain and how it interacts with the outside world, the origin of consciousness is still considered a mystery.
He says that the brain is not the mind, meaning that electrical activity cannot explain how a physical object can produce a non-physical state such as consciousness.
Some religions interpret consciousness as a gift from God, implanted in our bodies to guide us in this world.
And scientists are moving toward a biological origin, seeing consciousness as a set of biological processes that produce complex thought that culminates in self-awareness.
6- Is time travel possible?
To date, there is no conclusive evidence to prove or categorically disprove the possibility of time travel. The idea of time travel has become popular in movies and works of literature, and it has fueled the interest of scientists with theories such as time holes and some other scientific experiments.
The idea of time travel relies on orienting objects or objects at specific times in an unusual way, moving backwards or forwards in time.
Most current scientific theories do not support the idea of time travel as we know it, and include physical theories such as general relativity and special relativity developed by Albert Einstein. But there are some interesting ideas in advanced hypotheses involving extra dimensions, time worms, and more.
Some argue that if we could try to travel at the speed of light, the world would shrink dramatically compared to the normal world we live in at that time, but even today, the average human cannot travel at the speed of light, if he could, it would tear his body apart.
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In the Red Sea state of Sudan, following the recent outbreak of dengue fever, there is panic among adults and children, especially children, the elderly and pregnant women. Doctors Syndicate in the country revealed the number of victims. So far 3 to 5 thousand people have been affected by this disease.
Sirin Abdel Monim, a member of the Sudan Medical Syndicate, said that the number of dengue fever infections in Port Sudan, the capital of the Red Sea state, and in the state in general, was high, with the majority among children. , the elderly and pregnant women, “The number of infections in the Red Sea State is not less than three thousand to five thousand, and in Sudan there are about a thousand cases, most of them children.” The Arab World News Agency said:
A member of the doctors’ syndicate added, “About two thousand children have been infected with fever in Port Sudan city, and at least 600 of them have been confirmed to be infected with dengue fever.” It comes from medical sources and medical assistants. Several states in Sudan have warned of the risk of dengue and cholera outbreaks.
Last August, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees issued a statement expressing concern over the poor sanitary conditions in Sudan’s refugee camps, border entry points and temporary reception centers in neighboring countries.
Dengue fever has been spreading for more than 5 months in the fighting between the Sudanese army and rapid support forces on the fifteenth of April. Problems hindering the provision of services to patients until the outbreak of war.
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A beauty trend called “carrot tanning” is gaining popularity on the TikTok app. It claims that eating three carrots a day will give you a “natural tan”. What is the truth in this? Is it healthy?
Why does carrot affect skin tone?
Carotenoids are natural pigments that give fruits and vegetables their red, orange, and yellow colors.Scientific alert“.
Contains many carotenoids including lutein, lycopene, alpha carotene and beta carotene.
Beta-carotene is responsible for the orange color of carotene.
Once food containing beta-carotene is digested, special cells in the gut break it down into two molecules of retinol (also known as vitamin A).
Vitamin A is then used in many vital body functions such as vision, reproduction, immunity and growth.
The body regulates the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A based on what it needs.
Any excess beta-carotene is stored in the liver and adipose tissue, excreted through the feces, or removed through the sweat glands in the outer layer of the skin.
This can cause an orange “tanning” of the skin, which is medically known as “tanning”.Carotenoderma“.
Carotinoderma gives your skin a yellow/orange color that is different from the same color it turns from sunlight.
Tanning is concentrated on the palms, soles and smile lines near the nose.
Can carrots change skin color?
Eating large amounts of carrots for several days is unlikely to cause skin discoloration.
But there is evidence that caroteroderma appears when blood levels rise above 250-500 µg/dL.
“revealed”Previous course“Eating three kilograms of carrots a week, which is equivalent to about seven large carrots a day, causes changes in skin color.
Other experts recommend that you eat at least ten carrots a day for at least a few weeks to see color changes, according to the website.Cleveland Clinic“.
Is there a risk?
There is some evidence for taking supplementsBeta caroteneIn high doses (20 mg or more per day) it increases the risk of lung cancer in cigarette smokers or smokers.
Hence, it is recommendedCancer CouncilAvoid high-dose beta-carotene supplements (more than 20 mg per day), especially if you smoke.
But it’s not about whole foods, so smokers should eat fruits and vegetables that contain beta-carotene.
And you can use food to look good without focusing on eating carrots.
Including lots of colorful vegetables in your diet, especially those rich in carotenoids, can promote a natural glow and smooth improvement in skin tone.
A variety of fresh vegetables provide a variety of nutrients, and some may lack in others.
Hence, it is important to follow a balanced diet that does not depend on one type of vegetable.
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Back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world in general, and the most common in the United States. Anyone can suffer from back pain and almost everyone will suffer from back pain at some point in their life.
back pain
Back pain is the most common physical pain of all. Every day, about two percent of people are disabled by back pain, which makes them unable to perform daily tasks. In the United States alone, 80 to 90 percent of people suffer from back pain at some point in their lives.
Back pain can start mild and cause some discomfort, or it can become so bad that it interferes with normal life and can make you unable to go to work.
There are many possible causes of back pain, and it is wise to see a healthcare provider to find the cause and seek treatment instead of guessing and self-diagnosing. It may have common causes such as muscle cramps or an underlying condition such as kidney stones, a herniated disc or inflammation of the lining of the back.In women, the uterus.
Treatment varies depending on the cause and symptoms, and there are many factors involved. However, there are steps you can take to improve your health and reduce your chances of developing chronic or long-term back pain.
According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), back pain is the second most common reason for visits to health care providers (after the common cold).
Types of back pain
According to the Cleveland Clinic, back pain is classified by medical professionals in several ways. Depending on the location of the pain, you may describe back pain as: pain in the left, middle, upper, middle or lower back, or right side. Different types of pain may be identified by the health care provider, such as mild, moderate, or severe pain. The pain may be like a sharp stab or a specific ache.
Back pain can also be classified by how long it lasts. Back pain can last for a day, a few weeks, months, or a lifetime. It can be either an acute attack (in the form of a sudden and short attack, often associated with an injury) or chronic/persistent pain, meaning pain lasting between 3 and 6 months.
Injury risk factors
Who is at risk for back pain? There are several factors that increase the risk of developing back pain, and they may include:
* Fitness level: Back pain is more common in people who are not physically fit. For example, weak back and abdominal muscles may not support the spine properly (core strength). Back pain can be exacerbated by prolonged inactivity (excessive) exercise.
* Weight gain: A diet high in calories and fat, combined with an inactive lifestyle, can lead to obesity, which can put more strain on the back.
*Work-related risk factors: Jobs that involve lifting, pushing, pulling or twisting heavy objects can lead to back injury. A desk job can also play a role, especially if you have poor posture or sit in an uncomfortable chair all day.
* Stress condition: If you suffer from poor sleep, chronic depression or anxiety, back pain can be frequent and severe.
* Genetics: Genetics play a role in some disorders that cause back pain.
* Age: The older you get, the more likely you are to suffer from back pain, especially after the age of 45. A person is at high risk if:
– He doesn’t exercise.
– You already have arthritis or a type of cancer.
– He is overweight.
– Lifts heavy objects using the back instead of the legs.
– He suffers from anxiety or depression.
– Smoking or using other tobacco products.
Local and diffuse pain
What causes back pain? Back pain can be localized, such as pain in the spine, muscles, and other tissues in the back, or diffuse, such as pain caused by a problem in an organ that radiates or feels like it is in the back. It contains Examples of both include:
* Localized back pain: The cause may be in the spine, for example:
Herniated disc or herniated nucleus pulposus (disc) – Degenerative spondylolisthesis – Intervertebral disc degeneration – Radiculopathy – Arthritis – Sacroiliac joint dysfunction – Intervertebral disc degeneration – Spinal stenosis – Spondylolisthesis – Muscle stiffness – Muscle stiffness – Muscle spasm / Muscle stiffness.
* Common back pain, for example: aneurysms of blood vessels, abdominal aortic aneurysms – appendicitis – cancer (very rare) – fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome – infections (very rare) – cholecystitis – kidney infections and kidney stones – liver problems – inflammation of the pancreas – pelvis Inflammatory diseases (sexually transmitted diseases) – Perforated stomach ulcers – Urinary tract infections.
* In women, common causes of back pain are: endometriosis – pregnancy – uterine fibroids.
* Among those assigned male at birth (AMAB), presenting with back pain may be due to testicular injury or torsion.
Slip disc
A herniated disc is one of the causes of back pain. What are its causes? And its symptoms? And treatment methods? Can it be avoided or prevented?
Professor Mohamed Melhem Arouz, senior consultant in neurosurgery, spine surgery and minimally invasive surgery and senior consultant in chronic pain management, spoke to “Your Health” and he initially provided a simple overview of the anatomy of the spine. Of the 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical vertebrae. That is, between each vertebra and the other, there is a cartilage called “disc”.
The function of this “disc” is to act as a cushion between the vertebrae, protecting the spine by absorbing shocks from it. Cartilage, or the disc, consists of a gelatinous substance surrounded by an outer fibrous belt that prevents the disc from moving or slipping out of place.
Causes of disc pain:
*Unspecified causes; This results in pain where:
– Lack of movement and weakness of trunk muscles.
– Muscle tension as a result of incorrect and excessive continuous loads.
– Long and long hours of sitting without movement (sitting in front of the computer), driving for long periods of time.
– Overweight and obesity.
– Hard physical labor on the one hand.
– Stress and stress such as stress in work and studies.
– Changes in pain perception and genetic predisposition.
– Family and financial problems, constant anxiety and self-doubt.
* Back pain due to identifiable physical causes, for example:
– Acute herniated disc.
– Vertebral fractures for various reasons, including: accidents – osteoporosis – metastases and tumors – infections – spinal canal stenosis (central, peripheral, lateral, central and peripheral).
– Inflammatory diseases of the spine.
– Inflammatory rheumatic diseases (Pekterov’s syndrome).
Nucleus pulposus herniation occurs at all ages and peaks between 40 and 50. 70 percent male and 30 percent female. waist; About 90 percent, cervical vertebrae about 10 percent, and thoracic vertebrae about one percent.
Symptoms and diagnosis
* Symptoms of Herniated Disc:
– Pain in back and lower back.
– Pain extending to knee and leg or forearm and hand with tingling, numbness, loss of sensation in leg or arm, or paralysis-like sensation. In advanced cases, there are problems with urination and excretion.
* How is a herniated disc diagnosed?
Professor Muhammad Melhem Aras emphasizes the importance of arriving early and on time for the final diagnosis, which leads to a good outcome and gives the patient a greater chance to avoid further harm, and the diagnosis depends on:
– Medical history of the injured person and his family.
– Medical diagnosis.
– General examinations and blood tests.
– Radiography (computed tomography – magnetic resonance imaging).
– Nerve planning.
After diagnosing the disease, a treatment plan is drawn up, specifying that each patient needs his own treatment plan consistent with his symptoms and clinical and radiological status.
The fourth and fifth steps are usually the last resort when the patient is in critical condition due to paralysis, urinary incontinence, defecation problems, foot drop etc.
Herniated disc treatment
Treatment options for a herniated disc are divided into 5 categories:
* Conservative treatments, including: physical therapy – ultrasound therapy – electrotherapy – heat and cryotherapy – magnetic field therapy – swimming.
* Drug treatments, including: first-class analgesics (ibuprofen, Ticlac) – second-class analgesics with moderate morphine (tilidine, tramadol) – third-class analgesics with high concentrations of morphine.
* Minimal treatments without surgery:
– Injection of nerves and nerve roots directed through the CT system.
– Epidural directed injection (medullary membranes).
– Catheter directed to the affected disc.
– Endoscopic catheter directed to disc.
– Laser guided therapy (rays).
– Plasma guided therapy (PRP).
– Radiofrequency guided therapy (radio-frequency).
– Stem cell targeted therapy (under trial).
* Various micro surgeries.
* Final treatments for postoperative pain (final rate).
rush
When should back pain be admitted to the emergency department?
When it happens:
– Sudden and severe pain.
– Pain with nausea, fever or vomiting and lack of bowel or urinary control.
– The pain is so severe that it interferes with daily activities.
The Cleveland Clinic offers the following advice: Back pain can be very frustrating and interfere with everyday life. But remember that there are many treatment options available to treat back pain and return to normal daily activities.
See your healthcare providers to discuss your options. They are here to help you.
* Community Medical Consultant
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