UN report: One million species of animals and plants are endangered Science

Benefit UN report Released on Monday, February 28th, Climate change threatens to destroy about one million species of flora and fauna, and 91% of deaths from weather hazards occur in developing countries.

Al Jazeera Net has received a copy of the second part of a report released Monday by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This is the sixth report since the fifth in 2014, and focuses on “impacts, adaptation and change” in light of climate change.

In August 2021, the Commission released the first part of its sixth report, which estimated that greenhouse gases as a result of human activity could cause global warming of about 1.1 degrees Celsius in 2010-2019 compared to the period between 1850 and 1900. Global warming will be 1.5 degrees Celsius or higher over the next 20 years.

Destruction and land degradation

The international community has pointed out that as a result of climate change and land degradation, one million species of animals and plants are on the verge of extinction, many of them within decades.
He said 15 per cent of the land and less than 8 per cent of the oceans are subject to some form of environmental protection.

He explained that according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (ICUN), climate change is currently affecting at least 10,967 species on the Red List of Endangered Species.

The report warns that climate risks, which could adversely affect ecosystems, could reduce the services that organizations provide to the community and reduce access to energy, health, water and international trade. He says research shows that man-induced climate change covers 85% of the world’s land area and 85% of its population.

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He also predicted that the annual cost of supply chains in the United States would rise to $ 95 billion as a result of natural disasters in the United States by 2020, and predicted the impact on global supply chains.

Food production systems are also under increasing pressure, saying “human activities have already transformed 75 percent of the land area and 75 percent of new water resources are now dedicated to crop or livestock production.”

He said that 25% of the world’s land area was degraded, adding that “land degradation has reduced world land production by 23% and increased global agricultural crop production by 300% since the 1970s”.

Scientists have warned that 24 billion tons of fertile soil will be lost each year, and that “if this trend continues, 95% of the Earth’s land area will be depleted by 2050.”

The poor are at greater risk

The report goes on to say that the world’s poorest and most vulnerable people are at high risk, including deaths and other health consequences from extreme weather.

Over the past decade, the death toll from floods, droughts and hurricanes has risen 15 times in most affected countries, including much of Africa and much of Central America. Western and Northern Europe. He said that between 1970 and 2019, more than 91% of deaths worldwide due to weather, climate and water hazards occurred in developing countries.

The report concludes that delays in mitigation and adaptation threaten sustainable growth, as the impacts and responses to climate change are closely linked to social well-being, economic prosperity and environmental protection.

Man-induced climate change can lead to reduced agricultural yields, water shortages, food shortages, declining livelihoods and the displacement of local communities.
The report predicts that climate change will increase the number of people living in extreme poverty from 32 million to 132 million by 2030.

Damage to continents

The report says that the African continent is experiencing warming and rising sea levels compared to the world average, and by 2050 the continent is likely to see 5 times more frequent and severe heat waves. Today, in addition to more intense rainfall and more drought, the frequency and intensity, the more widespread and severe coastal flooding.

In Europe, the report expects the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events to increase and glaciers and ice caps to continue to disappear. In North and Central America, the company expects tropical cyclones and hurricanes to become more severe as the world warms.

Humans congregate in narrow climatic zones where most people live, with average annual temperatures ranging from 11 degrees Celsius to 15 degrees Celsius, while people live below average temperatures of 20 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius. .

He predicted that the climate threat posed by rising temperatures would force 5.3 billion people to live outside the climatic zones where humans have lived for the past 6,000 years. .

He noted that the World Bank estimates in 2018 that the three regions of Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia will push an additional 143 million climate migrants by 2050.

In response to climate impacts from the islands of the Pacific Ocean, the report of the Intergovernmental Organization may be the most anticipated migration events. He said eight islands in the western Pacific Ocean have been inundated by sea levels rising by an average of 12 millimeters a year, with two islands on the verge of disappearing, causing a wave of migration. Big countries. He points out that there are no international agreements on how to protect the displaced and forcibly displaced as a result of climate change.

The most downtrodden suffer the most

Further research from the Fifth Assessment Report shows that economically and socially marginalized groups are the first and most vulnerable in the South and North of the world alike.

The report added that climate change could cause 64% of GDP loss in the world’s most vulnerable countries, and that the effects of climate change could lead to increased marginalization and injustice.

He cited an estimate that if sea levels rose 0.3 to 1.7 meters, 17 to 72 million people would be forced to flee their coastal settlements.

The international organization says adaptation measures have increased since 2014, including by governments, corporations and civil society, most of which are responding to extreme weather events. Despite the adaptation option – according to the report – only minor changes to the current settings have emerged so far, rather than changes.

He pointed out that most climate funds are currently aimed at mitigation, and that there is still a large financial gap between the amount of money flowing in general and the amount needed in developing countries in particular.
He noted that the estimated cost of adaptation in developing countries is 5 to 10 times higher than the current public funding for adaptation.